There are many types of dietary interventions people may use one of which is intermittent fasting (IF). According to most national diabetes associations and clinical practice, dietary interventions are considered essential in the treatment and prevention of diabetes-related complications. Modest weight loss and exercise regimes can both prevent the onset of T2DM and improve metabolic control. In turn, this places increasing stress on the health care system, and these patients utilize medical resources three to four times the amount of those without diabetes.

This is significant, as diabetes is closely associated with cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and kidney disease. In fact, it is predicted that 439 million adults will have diabetes by 2030. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reaching epidemic levels worldwide, and correlates with rising obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles. IF was well tolerated in the majority of individuals with 6/10 participants stating they would continue with the IF regimen after the completion of the study, in a full or modified capacity ( i.e., every other day or reduced fasting hours). Physical activity, collected by a standardized measurement tool (Yale Physical Activity Survey), increased during the intervention phase and subsequently decreased in the follow-up phase. The data demonstrated discernable trends during IF for lower energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake when compared to baseline. IF led to an overall spontaneous decrease in caloric intake as measured by food photography (Remote Food Photography Method). Neither insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), nor inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) normalized during the IF phase. Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose variation. There was a significant increase ( P 0.1). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. We report here that a short-term period of IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight (-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI (-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose (SMBG). At baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese.

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